The Pioneer programs were two series of United States uncrewed space missions for lunar and planetary exploration.
The first program was unsuccessfully attempted to send spacecraft to orbit the Moon, successfully sent one spacecraft to fly by the Moon, and successfully sent one spacecraft to investigate interplanetary space between the orbits of Earth and Venus. The second program sent four spacecraft to measure interplanetary space weather, two to explore Jupiter and Saturn, and two to explore Venus. The two outer planet probes, Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11, became the first of five artificial objects to achieve the escape velocity that will allow them to leave the Solar System.
Pioneer Program-related credits in the database:
• Pioneer 10
• Pioneer Venus Orbiter (Pioneer 12)
• Pioneer Venus Multiprobe (Pioneer 13)
