Handbook of Silicon Photonics

Preface Contributors 1 - Group IV Materials 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Methods of Growth and Deposition 1.3 Group IV Materials and Properties 1.4 Heterostructure Interfaces and Strain 1.5 Summary 2 - Guided Light in Silicon-Based Materials 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Silicon Photonic Wire Waveguides 2.3 Polarization Diversity in Photonic Wire Waveguides 2.4 Nanostructured Waveguides for Advanced Functionalities 2.5 Silicon Waveguide Structures with Moderate Dimensions 2.6 Silica Waveguides for the Si-Based Photonic Platform 3 - Off-Chip Coupling 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Fiber-to-Waveguide Coupling 3.3 Edge-Coupling Solutions 3.4 Surface Couplers 3.5 Free-Space Coupling 3.6 Conclusion 4 - Multichannel Silicon Photonic Devices 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Integrated Grating-Based MUX/DEMUX 4.3 Waveguide-Coupled Microring Resonators-Based MUX/DEMUX 4.4 Channel Bandwidth and Spacing Tailoring in Microring Resonator-Based MUX/DEMUX 4.5 Interferometer-Coupled Microring Resonators 4.6 Summary and Future Outlook 5 - Nonlinear Optics in Silicon 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Nonlinear Optical Effects in Silicon 5.3 Second-Order Nonlinear Silicon Photonics 5.4 Applications of Nonlinear Optical Effects in Silicon 5.5 Conclusion 6 - Long-Wavelength Photonic Circuits 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Passive Devices for the Mid-Infrared Silicon Photonics 6.3 Nonlinear Effects in Silicon in the Mid-Infrared Region 6.4 Long Wavelength Silicon-Based Sources and Detectors 6.5 Mid-Infrared Heterogeneous Integration 7 - Photonic Crystals 7.1 Introduction: Why Do We Need Photonic Crystals? 7.2 All-Optical Switches and Memories Based on Photonic Crystal Nanocavities 7.3 Photonic Crystal Lasers 7.4 Photonic Crystal Waveguides and Slow Light 8 - Silicon-Based Light Sources 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Fundamentals of Light Emission from Indirect Band Semiconductors 8.3 Low-Dimensional Si 8.4 Light Emission in Si/SiGe Nanostructures 8.5 Rare-Earth Doped Silicon and Silicon Nanostructures 8.6 Band-Engineered Ge-on-Si Lasers 8.7 Purcell Effect in Silicon Nanocrystals 9 - Optical Modulation 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Electrorefraction Mechanisms 9.3 Silicon Modulators Based on Free Carrier Concentration Variations 9.4 Electroabsorption Modulators 9.5 Conclusion 10 - Photodetectors 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Free Space Germanium Photodetectors 10.3 Waveguide-Integrated Ge-on-Si Photodetectors 10.4 APD Photodetectors 10.5 Near-Infrared Silicon Photodetectors 10.6 Modeling and Simulation of Photodetectors 11 - Hybrid and Heterogeneous Photonic Integration 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Technology 11.3 Devices 11.4 Integration Platforms 11.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 12 - Fabrication of Silicon Photonics Devices 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Silicon Microfabrication/Nanofabrication Technology 12.3 Waveguiding Materials: Processing and Properties 12.4 Silicon Processing of Photonics Devices 12.5 Main Fabrication Issues 12.6 Summary 13 - Convergence between Photonics and CMOS 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Integration with Metallic Bonding 13.3 Integration above the Metallization Layer of the EIC 13.4 Backside Fabrication 13.5 Front-End of Photonics–Electronics CMOS Processes 13.6 Effect of Back-End on Optical Performance 13.7 Conclusion 14 - Silicon Photonics for Biology 14.1 What Silicon Photonics Have to Offer to Biology: A Brief History 14.2 Silicon Planar Waveguide Biomolecular Sensors 14.3 Surface Functionalization and Molecular Biology Aspects of Silicon-Based Biosensors 14.4 Manipulation and Transportation of Biomolecules Using Optical Forces in Silicon Photonic Structures 14.5 Silicon Nanoparticles for Bioimaging 15 - Silicon-Based Photovoltaics 15.1 Introduction 15.2 High-Efficiency Monocrystalline Silicon Solar Cells: Reaching the Theoretical Limit 15.3 Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells: Standard Processes and Trends 15.4 Solar Spectrum Modification to Enhance Silicon Solar Cell Efficiency 15.5 Silicon QDs for the Next Generation of Silicon-Based Solar Cells