California Soul: Music of African Americans in the West

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS, CHARTS, AND TABLES vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ix INTRODUCTION Jacqueline Cogdell DjeDje and Eddie S. Matthews 1 I MUSIC IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT 1 Way Out West: Jazz in the African-American Community of Los Angeles before 1930 Michael B. Bakan 23 2 "Pitchin' Up a Boogie": African-American Musicians, Nightlife and Music Venues in Los Angeles, 1930-1945 Ralph Eastman 79 3 Oakland Blues Part 1 Essay Lee Hildebrand 104 Part 2 A Conversation with Bob Geddins James C. Moore Sr. 112 4 The California Black Gospel Music Tradition: A Confluence of Musical Styles and Cultures Jacqueline Cogdell DjeDje 124 II MUSIC AND THE MEDIA 5 Insider Perspectives on the American Afrikan Popular Music Industry and Black Radio Kwaku Person-Lynn 179 Part 1: The Popular Music Industry: An Interview with Al Bell 179 Part 2: Black Radio in Los Angeles, 1980-1987: An Interview with Pam Robinson 197 6 California Rhythm and Blues Recordings, 1942-1972: A Diversity of Styles Willie R. Collins 213 7 African-Americans and "Lites Out Jazz" in San Diego: Marketing, Impact and Criticism Eddie S. Meadows 244 III THE MUSICIAN AS INNOVATOR 8 Clora Bryant: Gender Issues in the Career of a West Coast Jazz Musician Danica L. Stein 277 9 The Gospel of Andrae Crouch: A Black Angeleno Jean Kidula 294 10 Brenda Holloway: Los Angeles's Contribution to Motown Kumasi L. Browne 321 APPENDIX: SOURCE MATERIALS AND GUIDE TO AFRICAN-AMERICAN MUSIC, MUSICIANS AND CULTURE IN CALIFORNIA David Martinelli 353 PART 1 SOURCE MATERIALS 355 PART 2 GUIDE TO SOURCE MATERIALS 431 CONTRIBUTORS 449 INDEX 455