The Development of Capitalism in Russia

Preface To the First Edition Preface To the Second Edition Chapter I. The Theoretical Mistakes of the Narodnik Economists Contents I. The Social Division of Labour II. The Growth of the Industrial Population at the Expense of the Agricultural III. The Ruin of the Small Producers IV. The Narodnik Theory of the Impossibility of Realising Surplus-Value V. The Views of Adam Smith on the Production and Circulation of the Aggregate Social Product in Capitalist Society and Marx’s Criticism of These Views VI. Marx’s Theory of Realisation VII. The Theory of the National Income VIII. Why Does the Capitalist Nation Need a Foreign Market? IX. Conclusions From Chapter I Chapter II. The Differentiation of the Peasantry Contents I. Zemstvo Statistics For Novorossia II. Zemstvo Statistics For Samara Gubernia III. Zemstvo Statistics For Saratov Gubernia IV. Zemstvo Statistics For Perm Gubernia V. Zemstvo Statistics For Orel Gubernia VI. Zemstvo Statistics For Voronezh Gubernia VII. Zemstvo Statistics For Nizhni-Novgorod Gubernia VIII. Review Of Zemstvo Statistics For Other Gubernias IX. Summary Of The Above Zemstvo Statistics On The Differentiation Of The Peasantry X. Summary Of Zemstvo Statistics And Army-Horse Census Returns XI. A Comparison of the Army-Horse Censuses of 1888-1891 and 1896-1900 XII. Zemstvo Statistics On Peasant Budgets XIII. Conclusions From Chapter II Chapter III. The Landowners’ Transition from Corvée to Capitalist Economy Contents I. The Main Features of Corvée Economy II. The Combination of the Corvée and the Capitalist Systems of Economy III. Description of the Labour-Service System IV. The Decline of the Labour-Service System V. The Narodnik Attitude to the Problem VI. The Story of Engelhardt’s Farm VII. The Employment of Machinery in Agriculture VIII. The Significance of Machinery in Agriculture IX. Wage-Labour in Agriculture X. The Significance of Hired Labour in Agriculture Chapter IV. The Growth of Commercial Agriculture Contents I. General Data on Agricultural Production in Post-Reform Russia and on The Types of Commercial Agriculture II. The Commercial Grain-Farming Area III. The Commercial Stock-Farming Area. General Data on the Development of Dairy Farming IV. Continuation. The Economy of Landlord Farming in the Area Described V. Continuation. The Differentiation of the Peasantry in the Dairy-Farming Area VI. The Flax-Growing Area VII. The Technical Processing of Agricultural Produce VIII. Industrial Vegetable and Fruit Growing; Suburban Farming IX. Conclusions on the Significance of Capitalism in Russian Agriculture X. Narodnik Theories on Capitalism in Agriculture. “The Freeing of Winter Time” XI. Continuation.—The Village Community.—Marx’s Views on Small-Scale Agriculture.—Engels’s Opinion of the Contemporary Agricultural Crisis Chapter V. The First Stages of Capitalism in Industry Contents I. Domestic Industry And Handicrafts II. Small Commodity-Producers In Industry. The Craft Spirit In The Small Industries III. The Growth of Small Industries After the Reform. Two Forces of This Process and its Significance IV. The Differentiation Of The Small Commodity-Producers. Data On House-To-House Censuses Of Handicraftsmen In Moscow Gubernia V. Capitalist Simple Co-Operation VI. Merchant’s Capital in the Small Industries VII. “Industry And Agriculture” VIII. “The Combination Of Industry With Agriculture” IX. Some Remarks on the Pre-Capitalist Economy of Our Countryside Chapter VI. Capitalist Manufacture and Capitalist Domestic Industry Contents I. The Rise of Manufacture and its Main Features II. Capitalist Manufacture in Russian Industry III. Technique in Manufacture. Division of Labour and its Significance IV. The Territorial Division of Labour and the Separation of Agriculture From Industry V. The Economic Structure of Manufacture VI. Merchant’s and Industrial Capital In Manufacture. The “Buyer-Up” and the “Factory Owner” VII. Capitalist Domestic Industry as an Appendage of Manufacture VIII. What Is “Handicraft” Industry? Chapter VII. The Development of Large-Scale Machine Industry Contents I. The Scientific Conception of the Factory and the Significance of “Factory” Statistics II. Our Factory Statistics III. An Examination of Historico-Statistical Data On the Development of Large-Scale Industry IV. The Development of the Mining Industry V. Is the Number of Workers in Large Capitalist Enterprises Growing? VI. Steam-Engine Statistics VII. The Growth of Large Factories VIII. The Distribution of Large-Scale Industry IX. The Development of the Lumber and Building Industries X. The Appendage to the Factory XI. The Complete Separation of Industry From Agriculture XII. Three Stages in the Development of Capitalism in Russian Industry Chapter VIII. The Formation of the Home Market Contents I. The Growth of Commodity Circulation II. The Growth of the Commercial and Industrial Population III. The Growth of the Employment of Wage-Labour IV. The Formation of a Home Market for Labour-Power V. The Significance of the Border Regions. Home or Foreign Market? VI. The “Mission” of Capitalism Appendices Contents I. Combined Table of Statistics on Small Peasant Industries of Moscow Gubernia (to Chapter V) II. Table of Statistics on the Factory Industry of European Russia (to Chapter VII) III. The Chief Centres of Factory Industry in European Russia (to Chapter VII) II Uncritical Criticism. (Regarding Mr. P. Skvortsov's Article "Commodity Fetishism" in Nauchnoye Obozreniye, No. 12, 1899) I II III Notes Index of Sources Name Index